Perverted

3-322. Unnatural or perverted sexual practice. (a) Prohibited.- A person may not: (1) take the sexual organ of another or of an animal in the person's mouth; (2) place the person's sexual organ in the mouth of another or of an animal; or (3) commit another unnatural or perverted sexual practice with another or with an animal. (b) Penalty.- A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 10 years or a fine not exceeding $1,000 or both. (c) Statute of limitations and in banc review.- A person who violates this section is subject to 5-106(b) of the Courts Article. (d) Charging document.- An indictment for a violation of this section: (1) is sufficient if it states that the defendant committed an unnatural and perverted sexual practice with a person or animal as applicable; but (2) need not state the particular: (i) unnatural or perverted sexual practice with which the defendant is charged; or (ii) manner in which the defendant committed the unnatural or perverted sexual practice. [An. Code 1957, art. 27, 554; 2002, ch. 26, 2; ch. 266, 1; ch. 278, 1.] Disclaimer: These codes may not be the most recent version. Maryland may have more current or accurate information. We make no warranties or guarantees about the accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the information contained on this site or the information linked to on the state site. Please check official sources.

perverted

Related: Perverted; perverting. Replaced native froward, which embodies the same image. Old English had mishweorfed "perverted, inverted," an identical formation to the Latin word using native elements.

The Latin word is glossed in Old English by forcerred, from past participle of forcyrran "to avoid," from cierran "to turn, return." The meaning "wrong, not in accord with what is accepted or standard, turned away from what is right" is from 1560s; the sense of "obstinate in the wrong, stubborn" is from 1570s. It keeps the non-sexual senses of pervert (v.) and allows the psychological ones to go with perverted. Related: Perversely; perverseness.

The authors describe a patient with acute MS who developed vertigo (tumbling) and downbeat nystagmus upon horizontal head oscillation (perverted head-shaking nystagmus). The only abnormality on brain MRI was a hyperintense signal in the caudal medulla that contains the nucleus Roller and nucleus intercalatus. These nuclei project to structures involved in the velocity storage system for horizontal vestibulocular reflex (VOR) and vertical VOR, and also to the vestibular cerebellum. The authors offer possible mechanisms for perverted nystagmus in this patient.

"this was the real ground of all the attacks on you: those who live by mystery & charlatanerie, fearing you would render them useless by simplifying the Christian philosophy, the most sublime & benevolent, but most perverted system that ever shone on man, endeavored to crush your well earnt, & well deserved fame." - Jefferson to Priestley, March 21, 1801[1]

Although the pathophysiology of perverted head shaking nystagmus remains unclear, cerebellar abnormal lesions may induce vertical nystagmus during head shaking. Positional down beating nystagmus primarily originates from abnormal lesions of flocculonodular lobes or posterior vermis of the cerebellum [6,7]. Perverted head shaking nystagmus refers to vertical direction of eye movement induced by horizontal head oscillation or sustained horizontal chair rotation [3,8]. Therefore, perverted nystagmus spontaneously or perverted head shaking nystagmus may be useful in investigating subclinical cerebellar dysfunction [9]. Furthermore, these types of nystagmus can be easily observed at the bedside by applying Frenzel goggles [10,11].

Among these patients, 5 patients have Brain MRI abnormal findings. However, 2 MRI abnormal findings (patient No. 14, 15) were not associated correctly with perverted nystagmus. 3 patients with perverted nystagmus (patient No. 11, 12, 13) were considered central originated vertigo and further evaluation and treatment was performed by department of neurology (Fig. 1). In No. 11 patient, although the reading of brain MRI was old infarction, we treated anti-coagulant therapy in accordance with the acute left cerebellar infarction after the consultation of department of neurology. The reason was that her symptoms onset was 1 week ago and we didn't rule out the progression of old infarction. Despite the brain MRI-diffusion reading of No. 13 patient was old lacunar infarction at left cerebellum, we consulted to department of neurology and didn't rule out acute infarction because perverted nystagmus was persisted, dizziness was not improved, and acute lacunar infarction could be seen low signal intensity at brain MRI-diffusion. Unfortunately, No. 13 patient refused further work up and re-admitted at our department of neurology due to left mid brain and both cerebellar infarction with vertebral artery stenosis after 5 months.

Among 15 patients who had spontaneous perverted nystagmus or perverted nystagmus at headshaking, we considered 3 patients with central lesions. And we investigated further evaluation for the remaining 12 people to find out the causes of nystagmus using pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, caloric test, saccade test, optokinetic nystagmus test, target with tracking inspection, rotatory chair test, vestibular (VEMP) evoked myogenic potential, electrocochleography, and auditory brainstem response. Six cases did not undergo the examination, 3 cases thought to be dysfunction of the vestibular nerve like vestibular neuritis, 2 cases were suspected BPPV, and one case was observed continuing up-beating nystagmus, exact diagnosis was not made.

Furthermore, 5 patients who were diagnosed brain infarction, hemorrhage (especially cerebellar lesion), and multiple sclerosis at department of neurology before visiting our department were shown no abnormal nystagmus or abnormal nystagmus and eye movement at video Frenzel goggles test, not shown perverted nystagmus (Table 2).

It was reported that 9 patients (50%) at among 18 patients with anterior inferior cerebellar artery infarction showed patterns of head-shaking nystagmus that included perverted nystagmus (n=7), head-shaking nystagmus in the opposite direction of spontaneous nystagmus (n=4), and head-shaking nystagmus beating towards unilateral canal paresis or abnormal head impulse testing (n=3) [12].

Furthermore, in another study, it was investigated spontaneous nystagmus and head-shaking nystagmus in 72 patients with isolated cerebellar infarction. Twenty eight patients had spontaneous nystagmus, 37 patients had head-shaking nystagmus including perverted nystagmus and horizontal nystagmus. Authors suggested that, perverted head-shaking nystagmus occurred in 23 patients and 22 was downbeat nystagmus [13].

In addition, it was examined 32 cases who were subjected with a perverted nystagmus. Twenty four subjects had a central disease and 8 subjects had a vestibular neuritis. Authors advocated that although the perverted nystagmus was a simple examination sign, it was important because this sign was thought to be the brain stem abnormalities [14].

In the current study, 10 patients with perverted nystagmus had no abnormal findings in brain MRI. Among these patients, 3 patients took the brain MRI-diffusion only. Since the accuracy of brain MRI-diffusion is lower than that of brain MRI-MRA or other MRI settings, we could have gained more accurate result if we carried out additional brain imaging work up.

We also examined 5 patients who were diagnosed brain infarction, hemorrhage, and multiple sclerosis etc., they had no perverted nystagmus at Frenzel goggle test. Three patients had no abnormal eye movements, 2 patients had abnormal eye movements and neurologic symptoms were observed. At this evaluation, we did not consider the duration between time of diagnosis of infarction and onset of symptoms, this factor affected results of nystagmus finding.

We examined the correlation between HTN, DM, CVA history and perverted nystagmus, however, there was no statistically significant. In general, perverted nystagmus was induced by cerebellar infarction, and cerebellum is supplied by basilar artery [7]. In fact, we should have been examined other risk factors which can cause perverted nystagmus such as angina pectoris, arrhythmia, or history of acute myocardial infarction, etc. However, we couldn't acquire enough information about exact medical history through retrospective chart review in this study.

Although perverted nystagmus is known as an indicator of the central lesions, results of our study were not ideal results compared with previous other studies. First, we studied too small group for evaluating the correlation between perverted nystagmus and central lesions. Second, we did not considered time of onset of symptoms and time of diagnosis at brain ischemic stroke strictly. In this reason, we missed the period of appearing perverted nystagmus at patients with cerebellar vascular abnormalities. In order to further study, we needed greater number of patients and more exact classification criteria.

Billionaire investor and so-called SPAC King Chamath Palihapitiya said the zero interest rates the Federal Reserve allowed to persist for years created the "perverted" market conditions he benefited from at the height of the Covid pandemic.

"We are learning what went wrong, which is that we had a decade-plus of zero interest rates," Palihapitiya said of the market. "That is what fundamentally was wrong. It perverted the market. It distorted reality. It allowed manias and asset bubbles to build in every single part of the economy."

“To Catch a Predator,” the ratings-grabbing series on NBC’s Dateline, appeared to catch on with the public. But it also raised serious ethical questions for journalists.The television newsmagazine, working “as a wall” with law enforcement, trolled for men to engage in sexually charged on-line chats with minors, then invited them to a face-to-face meeting, supposedly at the child’s home. Armed with liquor, condoms and little common sense, the men arrived at the front door. The kids weren’t home, but the suspects don’t know that when they walked into a kitchen and came face to face with reporter Chris Hansen. The conversations were recorded by a bevy of hidden cameras, and the men were met by law enforcement officers once they left the house. The “suspects” were portrayed as sexual predators without any apparent constitutional protections.Critics questioned this blending of reporters, “watchdog” groups and police, arguing that the men caught in the sting were entrapped at worst and faced public ridicule and humiliation at best. One target of the sting, a Texas district attorney who made contact on-line, but never ventured out for a personal meeting, committed suicide before facing the cameras. When police, armed with a search warrant — and a Dateline camera crew — showed up at prosecutor Louis Conradt Jr.'s home in Terrell, Texas, no one answered the door, according to the police who took part in the attempted arrest. After forcing their way into his home, police found the 56-year-old prosecutor in a hallway holding a semiautomatic handgun. "I'm not going to hurt anybody," he told police before firing a bullet into his own head.Dateline isn’t the only media organization that has been involved in these stings. They date back to at least 2003, and what they have in common is a Web site called Perverted-Justice.com. It’s a highly motivated advocacy group, committed to finding perverts and removing them from circulation.Perverted-Justice.com scans chat rooms looking for men who can be lured into sexually explicit conversations with correspondents pretending to be underage boys and girls. It works with police and news media to entice the unsuspecting marks to set-up trysting places where the cops — and the cameras — are waiting.Judging from the ratings, the public loves this. Perverts who would harm children are exposed and made to account for their perversion.But the media should be more questioning. Is it ethically defensible to take part in the deceit that is a sting? Should a journalist buy into the agenda of an advocacy group, even if it’s a worthy agenda? Is it ethical to work with law enforcement authorities in this manner?Question: If your newspaper or television station were approached by Perverted Justice to participate in a “sting” designed to identify real and potential perverts, should you go along, or say, “No thanks”? Was NBC reporting the news or creating it?Once Perverted-Justice.com had an alliance with a national network, the smaller local stations that first cooperated with the group probably will no longer face the decision of whether to join forces in similar “stings.” NBC aired the last new episode of “To Catch a Predator” in December 2007, but episodes are still available on MSNBC.com.The biggest stakeholders in this ethical decision clearly were the men lured before the cameras. Their wives and families also faced major consequences from what NBC did. Law enforcement officers provided plenty of “perp walks,” arrests and bookings in clear view of cameras for additional video footage of the suspects, in return for coverage of their cleaning up the community of predators. Perverted Justice got airtime for its cause and financial reward for its efforts. NBC had a primetime audience of more than 8 million viewers. The public had a stake, too. There is no question that law-abiding citizens want to bring sexual predators to justice. Even one communication ethics student, a young mother, said she could find no reasonable arguments against using a sting to trap potential perverts. “I do not see in any way that a news station would be looked down upon for giving society what I would consider this service,” she wrote. “... If one child can be saved from this horrific event, then by all means do it. I think if you were to take a poll the majority of society would agree.”That’s most likely true. But responsible media shouldn’t base their ethical standards on what’s popular.Enticing (the term Hansen prefers to use, as posted on his blog) or entrapping subjects holds many legal and ethical issues. Should reporters seek out criminals? Is this indeed a public service as NBC contends? There is also an evidentiary problem when law enforcement and media join forces to prosecute criminals. Are outtakes, notes and other reporting tools now part of a criminal investigation? In one case a district attorney’s office announced it would not prosecute cases during one of NBC’s stings, citing a lack of evidence. The office claimed Perverted Justice members refused to testify and turn over records (they deny these accusations) and NBC needed to provide additional footage to help build a case. Running the on-line trolling and sting house in two different counties caused a jurisdictional dispute, creating another legal issue.Media critics and ethicists question the reporting methods and standards of running this type of “undercover” operation. Al Tompkins of the Poynter Institute said, “The project, from the very beginning, had lawsuit written all over it,” a competing network reported. Critics cite the Society of Professional Journalists Code of Ethics as a guideline for fair and accurate reporting, including:— Avoid undercover or other surreptitious methods of gathering information except when traditional open methods will not yield information vital to the public. Use of such methods should be explained as part of the story.— Remain free of associations and activities that may compromise integrity or damage credibility.— Be wary of sources offering information for favors or money, avoid bidding for news.— Avoid misleading re-enactments or staged news events. If re-enactment is necessary to tell a story, label it.— Diligently seek out subjects of news stories to give them the opportunity to respond to allegations of wrongdoing.— Avoid conflicts of interest, real or perceived.— Show good taste. Avoid pandering to lurid curiosity.— Be judicious about naming criminal suspects before the formal filing of charges.NBC engaged the services of Perverted Justice, inviting scrutiny of creating of a news story. By paying actors to pose as minors and engage in sexual chat, did the newsmagazine become the story? NBC surrounded the criminals with law enforcement waiting patiently outside to record the outcome. This was the reverse of most crime scenes. Justice and the media were both perverted throughout this predatory process.The important thing is to have a discussion, and to ask the right questions. Among them: Is this a justifiable, ethically defensible use of deception? Should you buy into the agenda of an advocacy group? How ethical is the group itself? Do you compromise your “watchdog” role by cooperating with law enforcement authorities?DECISION: Let law enforcement conduct sting operations and the media report on the arrests. 041b061a72